Case report of gene therapy and nursing care for children with type Ⅱ spinal muscular atrophy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To summarize the nursing care of 3 cases of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with intrathecal injection of Nusinersen sodium injections.Methods:From March 2020 to March 2021, 3 children patients with SMA received Nusinersen sodium injections. Multidisciplinary care was applied, the key points of nursing care include: multidisciplinary individualized assessments, multidisciplinary care based on case management model, preoperative and intraoperative care cooperation, and postoperative observations and management of complications.Results:All the three children successfully completed intrathecal injection and were discharged on the second day after surgery. No serious complications occurred.Conclusions:Collaborative multidisciplinary care shows positive significance for children with intrathecal Nusinersen sodium injections.

Apoplejía hipofisaria durante el embarazo: reporte de un caso / Pituitary apoplexy during pregnancy: A case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La apoplejía hipofisaria es un infarto o hemorragia súbita en un tumor o tejido sano de la glándula pituitaria. El 80% de los casos es en pacientes con un adenoma hipofisario. El cuadro clínico se caracteriza por: cefalea, alteraciones visuales, náuseas y vómito; además, insuficiencia hipofisaria, que puede ser potencialmente mortal para la madre y el feto. El tratamiento conservador incluye analgésicos, corticosteroides y agonistas dopaminérgicos en caso de prolactinoma. El tratamiento quirúrgico de elección es la resección transesfenoidal. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 35 años, con antecedentes de tres embarazos, un aborto y prolactinoma diagnosticado a los 22 años, en tratamiento con cabergolina. Acudió a consulta debido a cefalea a las 17 semanas de embarazo que se exacerbó a las 28.4 semanas. En la resonancia magnética se observó que la hipófisis medía 17 x 12 x 7 mm, con datos de hemorragia subaguda; con base en ello se diagnosticó: apoplejía hipofisaria. Se indicó tratamiento conservador con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, opioides y corticosteroides; sin embargo, ante el deterioro del cuadro clínico se decidió la resección transeptal-transesfenoidal endoscópica del adenoma hipofisiario, a las 30.5 semanas de embarazo. La paciente evidenció una mejoría significativa y permaneció asintomática hasta la finalización del embarazo a las 37.5 semanas. CONCLUSIONES: Si bien la apoplejía hipofisaria es de baja incidencia en el embarazo se torna en un factor de riesgo de muerte; por ello, el ginecoobstetra debe tener conocimiento de las posibles implicaciones en el embarazo, ofrecer atención multidisciplinaria y considerar que el tratamiento quirúrgico es una opción segura en el embarazo.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Pituitary apoplexy is a sudden infarction or hemorrhage in a tumor or healthy tissue of the pituitary gland. Eighty percent of cases are in patients with a pituitary adenoma. The clinical picture is characterized by headache, visual disturbances, nausea and vomiting, and pituitary insufficiency, which can be life-threatening for the mother and fetus. Conservative treatment includes analgesics, corticosteroids and dopaminergic agonists in case of prolactinoma. The surgical treatment of choice is transsphenoidal resection. CLINICAL CASE: 35-year-old female patient with a history of three pregnancies, one miscarriage and prolactinoma diagnosed at 22 years of age, under treatment with cabergoline. She came for consultation due to headache at 17 weeks of pregnancy that was exacerbated at 28.4 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the pituitary gland measured 17 x 12 x 7 mm, with evidence of subacute hemorrhage; based on this, a diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy was made. Conservative treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids and corticosteroids was indicated; however, due to the deterioration of the clinical picture, endoscopic transseptal-transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary adenoma was decided at 30.5 weeks of pregnancy. The patient showed significant improvement and remained asymptomatic until the end of pregnancy at 37.5 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Although pituitary apoplexy is of low incidence in pregnancy, it becomes a risk factor for death; therefore, the obstetrician/gynecologist should be aware of the possible implications in pregnancy, offer multidisciplinary care and consider that surgical treatment is a safe option in pregnancy.

Comorbidities among infertile women at NKST hospital Mkar-Gboko, North-Central Nigeria

Background:  Infertility, a common, non-fatal ailment, is sometimes associated with substantial comorbidity that can add adverse outcomes during treatment or pregnancy and increase costs of care. This study aims to assess the magnitude and pattern of comorbidities in infertile Nigerian women.Method: This descriptive retrospective study was undertaken at NKST Hospital Mkar-Gboko, Nigeria, from 1st January 2005 to 31st July 2013. Clinic records of patients who attended the gynaecological outreach clinic were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics and test of associations with Microsoft Excel 2013.  Jos University Teaching Hospital gave ethical clearance.Results: 1,926 women seen during the study period, 1030 (53.5%) presented for infertility care. 941 (91.4%) women had complete records, among them, 476 (50.5%) met the inclusion criteria, and their records were analyzed. The mean age of the women was 32.6±6.0 years with a range of 20 to 53 years, see Table1. There were 52 comorbid conditions among the 476 women. The comorbidities included uterine myoma, previous appendectomy/pelvic surgeries, genital tract infections/retroviral disease, hypertension, obesity and diabetes, among others, see Table 4. Table 2 and 3 shows there is a significant statistical association between comorbidity type, age, parity, duration of infertility and symptoms complex between infertile women and comorbidities (p<0.05).Conclusion: Comorbidities that can influence treatment and pregnancy outcomes are common among infertile women in central Nigeria. This finding strongly supports the routine assessment of women for comorbidities during infertility care for appropriate multidisciplinary management and counselling.

Evolución del estado nutricional y de la función pulmonar en una cohorte de pacientes con fibrosis quística seguidos en un centro de atención integral / Change over time of nutritional status and lung function in a cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis followed in a multidisciplinary care center

Cystic Fibrosis is a multisystemic inherited disease that requires ongoing care by multidisciplinary teams. The objective of this study is to describe changes on nutrition and lung function in a cohort of patients in a Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Care Center at the Hospital Infantil Universitario San José in Bogotá (HIUSJ), between 2010 and 2013.Is a descriptive study in a cohort of CF patients during four years of follow-up. The quantitative variables were described using medians and interquartile ranges, and the qualitative variables with absolute frequencies and percentages. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the findings. Of the 63 patients in the initial group, 47 (74.6%) completed the follow-up time. The age range was between 3 to 30 years. The median BMI increased as follows: 17.9 (RIQ: 12.5-25.6) in 2010, 18.6 (RIQ: 12.9-24.8) in 2011, 18.9 RIQ (13.6-26.5) in 2012 and 19.0 (RIQ: 13.5-25.8) in 2013, with lower values in men. The forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) at admission was classified as severe (FEV1 <40%) in 7.1%, moderate (FEV1 40-69%) in 35.7%, mild (FEV1 70-79%) in 7.1% and as normal (FEV1> 80%) in 50%. It is concluded that during the 4 years of follow-up at the HIUSJ CF Center there is an improvement in BMI and a deterioration in lung function in the whole group. The importance of establishing more reference centers to improve clinical outcomes and of implement a National registry to follow up over time are highlighted.

La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad hereditaria, multisistémica, cuyo manejo continuo requiere de equipos multidisciplinarios de salud. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la evolución nutricional y de la función pulmonar en una cohorte de pacientes en el centro de atención integral de la fibrosis quística (FQ), del Hospital Infantil Universitario San José de Bogotá (HIUSJB), entre 2010 y 2013. Estudio descriptivo, en una cohorte de pacientes, en seguimiento durante cuatro años. Las variables cuantitativas fueron descritas mediante medianas y rangos intercuartílicos y las cualitativas con frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. De los 63 pacientes del grupo inicial, 47 (74.6%), completaron el tiempo de seguimiento. El rango de edad fue de 3 a 30 años. La mediana del IMC (índice de masa corporal) se incrementó así: 17.9 (RIQ:12.5-25.6) en el 2010, 18.6 (RIQ:12.9-24.8) en el 2011, 18.9 ( RIQ(13.6-26.5) en el 2012 y 19.0 (RIQ:13.5-25.8) en el 2013, con menores valores en los hombres. El volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (VEF1) al ingreso fue clasificado como severo (VEF1<40%) en el 7.1%, moderado (VEF1 40-69%) en el 35.7%, leve (VEF1 70-79%) en el 7.1% y como normal (VEF1>80%) en el 50%. Se concluye que durante los 4 años de seguimiento en el programa de FQ del HIUSJ, ocurre una mejoría del IMC en todo el grupo y un deterioro de la función pulmonar. Se resalta la importancia de constituir más centros de referencia para mejorar los desenlaces clínicos e implementar un registro Nacional para hacer seguimiento a través del tiempo.

Rehabilitating individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia: Experiences from impairment-based rehabilitation through multidisciplinary care approach

@#Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease with progressive course and poor expected outcomes. Therefore, rehabilitation remains the principal form of management especially in advanced disease. Impairment-based rehabilitation through multidisciplinary care approach has proven benefits for functional improvement in individuals with advancing SCA. This concept is based on comprehensive assessments of individualised impairments and functional limitations while exploring contributing environmental and personal factors affecting the person as a whole. From this assessment, individualised rehabilitation goals can be formulated through a multidisciplinary care approach. Neurologists, rehabilitation physicians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech and language pathologists are key individuals involved in the multidisciplinary care for individuals with SCA rehabilitation. Two cases of individuals at different stages of SCA are presented to highlight the rehabilitation approach in providing focused interventions based on individualised impairments through multidisciplinary care. These cases emphasise the importance of understanding the needs of each individuals with SCA so that the rehabilitative therapies prescribed can be tailored to the functional achievements desired.

Understanding and Navigating Mental Health Resources in the Community through a Case Study

@#This article shows how Primary Care Physicians can manage stable chronic schizophrenia with complex psycho-social issues in the community. This is made possible through improved access to mental healthcare services. The case study highlights the utilisation of the Mental Health-GP Partnership Programme and Community Mental Health Team to facilitate a smooth transition and maintenance of mental well-being in the community. Resources like Aged Psychiatry Community Assessment and Treatment Service, Assessment and Shared Care Teams, Community Intervention Teams are discussed as well as future directions to strengthen care in the community.

Congenital heart diseases and pregnancy, Universitary Hospital Center of Gynecology Obstetrical of Befelatanana, Madagascar

Background: Congenital heart diseases are malformations formed during the first weeks of life. Thanks to advances in medicine, they could be cared properly and pregnancies on heart diseases could be continued and completed. These malformations are sources of morbidity even high maternal fetal mortality. Whence our motivation to carry out this study and improve its care.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study reporting clinical cases of congenital heart disease pregnancies, only seen at the UHC-GOB over a seven years period (01 February 2007 - 28 February 2014).Results: We have identified 10 cases of congenital heart diseases out of 56 320 deliveries, that is, an incidence of 0.12 per 1000 deliveries. Isolated arterial canal persistence is predominant. The average age is 26±1. Four cases of congenital heart diseases diagnosed and repaired during childhood, have been noted as well as 02 cases of fortuitous discovery during pregnancy. No joint obstetric and cardiac follow up was performed for our patients. Delivery by high way is recommended in 70% of cases which 57% under peridural anesthesia. Half of the patients had peri-gestational cardiac decompensation such as dyspnea, pre-eclampsia and vacuo-shock progressively decreasing in post-partum. On the fetal side, we recorded 01 intra-uterine delayed growths, 03 premature births and 02 deaths.Conclusions: Pregnancy prognosis on congenital heart disease is based on the type of malformation, close follow up and a multidisciplinary care (Gyneco-obstetrician, Cardiologist, Reanimator, Pediatrician and Geneticist.

Anesthesia and perioperative challenges for surgical separation of thoraco-omphalopagus twins: case report / Anestesia e desafios perioperátorios para cirurgia de separação de gêmeos toraco-onfalópagos: relato de caso

Abstract Background and objectives: Conjoined twins are monozygotic twins physically joined at some part of the body. This is a rare phenomenon, estimated between 1:50,000 and 1:200,000 births. The objective of this report is to present the anesthetic management and the perioperative challenges for a separation surgery. Case report: Thoraco-omphalopagus twins were diagnosed by ultrasound and were followed by the fetal medicine team of the service. After 11 h of cesarean surgery, the pediatric surgical team chose to separate the twins. They were monitored with cardioscopy, oximetry, capnography, nasopharyngeal thermometer, urinary output, and non-invasive blood pressure. We chose inhaled induction with oxygen and 4% Sevoflurane. T1 patient was intubated with a 3.5 uncuffed endotracheal tube, and, after three unsuccessful intubation attempts of patient T2, a number 1 laryngeal mask was used. After securing the twins' airway, the induction was supplemented with fentanyl, propofol, and rocuronium. Mechanical ventilation in controlled pressure mode (6 mL.kg−1) and lumbar epidural (L1-L2) with 0.2% ropivacaine (2.5 mg.kg−1) were used. The pediatric surgical team initiated the separation of the twins via sternotomy, ligation of hepatic vessels. After 2 hours of procedure, the separation was completed, continuing the surgical treatment of T1 and the support of T2 until his death. Conclusions: Conjoined twin separation surgery is a challenge, which requires planning and coordination of a multidisciplinary team during all stages.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Gêmeos conjugados são gêmeos monozigóticos conectados por alguma parte do corpo. Esse é um fenômeno raro, estimado entre 1:50.000 a 1:200.000 nascimentos. O objetivo deste relato é apresentar o manejo anestésico e os desafios perioperatórios para cirurgia de separação. Relato de caso: Gêmeos toraco-onfalópagos foram diagnosticados por ultrassonografia e acompanhados pela equipe de medicina fetal do serviço. Após 11 horas da cesárea, a equipe cirúrgica pediátrica optou pela separação dos gêmeos. Foram monitorados com cardioscopia, oximetria, capnografia, termômetro nasofaríngeo, débito urinário e pressão arterial não invasiva. Optou-se por indução inalatória com oxigênio e sevoflurano a 4%. O G1 foi intubado com tubo orotraqueal 3,5 sem cuff e após três tentativas de intubação do G2 sem sucesso usou-se máscara laríngea número 1. Após obtenção da via aérea nos gêmeos, complementou-se indução com fentanil, propofol e rocurônio. Ventilação mecânica no modo pressão controlada 6 ml.kg-1 e peridural lombar L1-L2 com ropivacaína 0,2% (2,5 mg.kg-1). A equipe cirúrgica pediátrica iniciou a separação dos gêmeos através de esternotomia, ligadura de vasos hepáticos. Após duas horas de procedimento, a separação foi concluída, prosseguiram-se o tratamento cirúrgico de G1 e os cuidados de G2 até o óbito. Conclusões: A cirurgia de separação de gêmeos conjugados é um desafio, requer planejamento e coordenação de uma equipe multidisciplinar durante todos os estágios.

Envejecimiento en parálisis cerebral, un reto en investigación e innovación: revisión sistemática / Ageing on Cerebral Palsy, the Challenge in Research and Innovation: Systematic Review

Resumen Apenas existen iniciativas de investigación en el ámbito del envejecimiento activo y saludable de las personas con parálisis cerebral. Encontrar soluciones a este reto social requiere una red de excelencia en investigación que contribuya a vivir mejor a toda la sociedad. Se recopiló información recogida en 34 artículos sobre parálisis cerebral y envejecimiento, concretamente sobre necesidades percibidas, calidad de vida y repercusión del envejecimiento en las personas con parálisis cerebral. Los resultados de la revisión destacan la importancia de un enfoque preventivo, para lo cual se requiere investigar sobre las nuevas necesidades y los indicadores de calidad de vida en las personas con parálisis cerebral que envejecen. De esta forma, se puede facilitar la atención integral de este colectivo en esta etapa de la vida. Invertir en investigación e innovación es esencial para el futuro, es la manera de impulsar productos y servicios y así crear una sociedad mejor para todos los ciudadanos.

Abstract There are hardly any research initiatives in the field of active and healthy ageing for people with cerebral palsy. To find solutions to this social challenge needs a network of excellence in research to provide a better life to all of society. Information from 34 articles on cerebral palsy and aging was analyzed, specifically on perceived needs, quality of life and the impact of aging on people with cerebral palsy. The results of this review highlight the importance of a preventive approach, which requires research on new needs and quality of life indicators in people with cerebral palsy when ageing. This way may facilitate the integral care of this group at this stage of life. Investing in research and innovation is essential for the future, it is the way to promote products and services and thus create a better society for all citizens.

Current status of the management of cancer patients in Korea

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and poses a major threat to public health. Cancer incidence and death rates have increased in most countries since 1990. Therefore, the importance of systematic measures within the public health system, such as special hospitals for cancer patients, has been emphasized. Korea has established a 10-year plan to treat cancer patients and has implemented national cancer control policies (the 10-Year Plan for National Cancer Control) over the past 20 years, and these policies have resulted in dramatic breakthroughs in cancer survival. However, by focusing on the visible outcomes of cancer control, these policies have not shown adequate results in terms of building an integrated support system to improve the quality of life of cancer survivors or terminal cancer patients. In the future, the government should strive to build a comprehensive cancer management system that incorporates multipurpose integrated support measures, such as multidisciplinary, palliative, and hospice care.

Meeting the current and future health-care needs of Sri Lanka’s ageing population.

Sri Lanka is one of the fastest-ageing countries in the world. This rapid demographic transition is expected to result in one quarter of the population being elderly by the year 2041. Profound challenges face the country as a result, especially with respect to planning adequate elderly-oriented services in the social-care and health-care sectors. In response to this need, many initiatives have been put in place to promote and protect the welfare of older people, and these rights have been inscribed in law. Within the health sector, despite the wealth of policies and initiatives in recent years, it is clear that the existing health infrastructure and systems still require strengthening, reorientation and coordination, to meet the needs of the growing population of elderly individuals. Lessons learnt from the successes in reducing the maternal mortality ratio can be applied to strengthening preventive services at the community level, to ensure active healthy ageing in Sri Lanka. Engagement of specialist medical officers of health and general practitioners to provide preventive and curative primary-care services would reduce current pressures on higher-level services. Expansion of dedicated elderlycare wards and units at the tertiary level would restructure care towards changing patient demographics. The key to success in these strategies will be increasing the proportions of the medical, nursing and allied professional cadres who have been trained in geriatric medicine. Such capacity-building in the care of the elderly will allow a move towards provision of multidisciplinary teams that can manage the complex physical, social and psychological needs of the older patient.

Review on history and current practices of cancer multidisciplinary care

Cancer care can be complex with increased specialization within disciplines and more-sophisticated treatment techniques. Multidisciplinary care (MDC) is an integrated team approach to bring together a group of health professionals with appropriate skills to consider patient's treatment and care options. MDC are now conducted worldwide and is recommended as best practice for the management of patients with cancer. There is increasing evidence that MDC improves quality of care, treatment outcomes of patient with cancer and. other clinical outcomes, but concerns are raised over the paucity of good-quality evidence on their overall impact. In this review, we described available evidence on the impact of cancer MDC, and also reviewed focused on cancer MDC strategy depending on countries.

Multidisciplinary care service: issues raised so far and possible solutions suggested

Multidisciplinary care service has started on August 1, 2014 after Korean health authority's decision of its approval and reimbursement. However, despite its early success, it raises some issues caused by less flexibility of the model, which might limit further expansion and development of the model or even establishment of a new model. It has only two types of 4-expert and 5 or more-expert services. It is also reimbursed only when given in outpatient clinic, and much worse, as of face-to-face service. Then, I will review the issues raised so far and try to suggest possible solutions, for example, sort of multidisciplinary consultation service for in-patient multidisciplinary care service. The issues and solutions will engender a lot of controversy, but to discuss about them might be the first step to further develop the service. In addition, I will briefly touch on expected effects of the service, including improvement of cancer care, such as shortening the time from the first visit to diagnosis and treatment or speed-up of diagnosis process, enhancement of cancer patients' satisfaction and so on, which might be helpful to guide future direction of the multidisciplinary care service. The commencement of multidisciplinary care service is an important milestone in cancer care as well as medical system of Korea. However, it is not the best and perfect one but was just chosen as one of champion models. It has much room for improvement or there is still more work to be done to make it better.

Requirements to improve multidisciplinary cancer care

Cancer care is very complicated, and given the rapidly developing knowledge and technology related to cancer management, multidisciplinary team approach has become essential to determine the optimal treatment plan in an efficient way. It is expected to improve the clinical outcomes in cancer treatment. Multidisciplinary team approach is increasingly implemented across cancer care services throughout the world. In many developed countries, it has been a principle way of managing cancer patients and the organizing multidisciplinary teams has become a mandatory requirement. The team usually includes surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists and also radiologists. In Korea, reimbursing multidisciplinary care for cancer patients has been implemented since August 2014. From short experiences, many practical issues were raised to improve this newly established cancer care service successfully in the current medical system in Korea. This review briefly describes the potential benefits of multidisciplinary team working in cancer care and suggests the several requirements to improve the multidisciplinary care service for the future.

Atención multidisciplinaria con terapia avanzada y de recurso a pacientes con pie diabético en Mayabeque / Multidisciplinary care with advanced therapy and resource therapy to treat patients with diabetic foot in Mayabeque province

Introducción: en San José de las Lajas, provincia Mayabeque, comenzó la consulta especializada en pie diabético el 5 de marzo de 2013. Objetivo: describir el modelo de atención a pacientes con pie diabético utilizado en la consulta. Métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en 113 pacientes con pie diabético que acudieron a la consulta especializada en Mayabeque, entre el 5 de marzo de 2013 y el 6 de junio de 2014. 77 se trataron con Heberprot-P®, en 6 diabéticos que presentaron alguna contraindicación para su aplicación se utilizaron las terapias de recurso (en 5 pacientes ozonoterapia y en uno campo magnético) y 30 pacientes fueron asistidos por presentar un pie de alto riesgo. Resultados: el patrón de atención tuvo un enfoque integral de salud en todas sus esferas y en coordinación con todos los niveles de atención. El 36,4 por ciento de los tratados con Heberprot-P® presentaba un pie diabético Wagner 3. No se registraron amputaciones mayores y todos finalizaron curados. El promedio de días de tratamiento fue de 22,5 días. El 26 por ciento presentó eventos adversos, todos de intensidad leve. El desenlace final del grupo tratado con terapias de recurso fue favorable. En los pacientes que se identificaron deformidades podálicas se coordinó su atención con ortopedia técnica. Conclusiones: se consideran buenos los resultados obtenidos en los pacientes con la aplicación del modelo de atención multidisciplinaria utilizado. Es necesario continuar realizando estudios con métodos físicos en el tratamiento del pie diabético y con las acciones para elevar el nivel de conocimiento sobre pie de riesgo(AU)

Introduction: the specialized service for diabetic foot began on March 5th, 2013 in San Jose de Las Lajas, Mayabeque province. Objective: to describe the pattern of care to patients with diabetic foot used in this service. Methods: retrospective and descriptive study of 113 patients with diabetic foot, who went to the specialized service in Mayabeque province from March 5, 2013 to June 6th 2014. Seventy seven were treated with Heberprot-P®, 6 diabetics received resource treatment (5 with ozone therapy and one with magnetic field) because this product was contraindicated and 30 patients were cared for since they presented with high risk foot. Results: the pattern of care showed integral health approach in all the spheres and co-ordinated with all the levels of care. In the group, 36.4 percent of the Heberprot-P®-treated ones presented a Wagner 3 diabetic foot. Major amputations were not reported and all of them healed. The average length of treatment was 22.5 days. Mild adverse events were observed in 26 percent of cases. The final outcome of the treated group with resource therapies was favourable. Those patients with foot deformities were managed with orthopedic techniques. Conclusions: the results were considered to be good in patients under the multidisciplinary pattern of care. Further studies about the physical methods involved in the treatment of diabetic foot and the actions aimed at raising the level of knowledge on risky foot are needed(AU)

Propuesta de una metodología de tratamiento en la atención multidisciplinaria del paciente fisurado labio-alveolo-palatino / Proposal for a treatment methodology in multidisciplinary care of patient presenting with cleft palate

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito proponer a los cirujanos maxilofaciales dedicados a la cirugía maxilofacial pediátrica una metodología de tratamiento en la atención multidisciplinaria al paciente fisurado labio alveolo palatino, de manera tal que se unifiquen los criterios de tratamiento y sistematice la atención a este tipo de paciente en todo el país. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la Internet, en la búsqueda de artículos originales que abordaron esta temática y se encontró que en algunas instituciones de salud en México, Chile, Colombia y Brasil existen protocolos de tratamiento para la atención multidisciplinaria del fisurado labio-alveolo-palatino(AU)

The aim of present paper is to propose a treatment methodology for Children Maxillofacial Surgeons in primary multidisciplinary care for patients presenting with cleft palate to unify the treatment criteria and to systematize the care to this type of patient in our country. A bibliographic review in the Internet was carried out in search of original articles approaching this subject matter founding that in some health institutions in Mexico, Chile, Colombia and Brazil there are treatment protocols for the multidisciplinary care of cleft palate(AU)

Comparison of intravenous vs. intramuscular morphine for postoperative pain relief on the multidisciplinary care path implemented ward.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and side effects of intravenous and intramuscular morphine injection for postoperative pain relief on the multidisciplinary care path implemented ward and to study the attitude of nurses and doctors in using these two routes of analgesia. Methods: We performed a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial in 80 patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery. They were randomly allocated into two groups. Group IM received 10 mg morphine intramuscular (IM) injection for pain prn every 4 hours. Group IV received intravenous (IV) morphine for pain prn every 2 hours. The dose of morphine was given based on pain score: <7 gave 1 mg, >7 gave 2 mg. In the recovery room (RR) both groups received IV morphine until they felt enough pain relief. We recorded patients’ pain scores at the time discharged from RR, at the time arrival to the ward, 24 and 48 hours postoperation, and the amount of morphine received. We interviewed the patients on their satisfaction for pain relief. The questionnaire was sent to nurses and doctors working in the ward. Results: The numbers of patients having pain scores > 4 and > 7 within 48 hours in the IV group and the IM group were not different (95% and 42.5% vs. 97.5% and 45%, respectively). More than half of them felt no need to ask for analgesic very often and they received analgesic quite soon. Patients in the IM group had more pain on injection than the IV group (p<0.001). The time they started to experience pain relief after each dose of analgesic was not different in both groups, but more patients in the IV group felt much overall pain relief (p=0.005). The IV group had less nausea, vomiting and dizziness than in the IM group (p=0.002, p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). No respiratory depression found in this study. Both groups were satisfied with the treatments. Nurses found no difference in their convenience for administration of morphine between the 2 routes but doctors felt that they were called by nurse for the same patient because of inadequate pain relief more often after the IM route than after the IV route (p=0.007). Conclusion: There is no difference in postoperative pain relief in 48 hours between giving 2 mg morphine IV prn every 2 hours and 10 mg morphine IM prn every 4 hours in patients undergoing major gynecological operations on the multidisciplinary-care-path-implemented ward. However, patients in the IV group feel less pain on injection, and less nausea and vomiting, although both groups give similar satisfaction scores. Nurses give their opinion of no differences in their convenience for administration of morphine between these two routes. Doctors, however, feel that they are called because of inadequate pain relief more often in the IM group than in the IV group.